This book provides an in-depth examination of the physicochemical properties of biomolecules and their significance across various industries. It explores how factors like composition, chain structure, linkage patterns, and molecular weight influence properties such as viscosity, solubility, and mechanical strength. Advanced techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, are highlighted as essential tools for characterizing these properties and understanding the structural and functional behaviors of biopolymers. The book emphasizes polysaccharides?abundant, renewable carbohydrates derived from plants, animals, and microorganisms?and their applications in fields such as food science, textiles, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. It also addresses physical, chemical, and physicochemical modifications that enhance the industrial utility of biopolymers. Designed for researchers and professionals, this interdisciplinary book serves as a valuable resource for advancing the study and application of biopolymer characterization techniques.