Translational research is of great importance for clinical practice. Therefore, this book provides comprehensive information on an important gap in pediatric urology: the description of basic concepts that allow a better understanding of urinary and genital anomalies. The content encompasses personal experience and research topics developed at Rio de Janeiro State University Urogenital Research Unit over the past 25 years. Throughout the chapters, the main aspects of embryology and fetal anatomy as applied to the various congenital malformations that most often affect newborns and children are described. Neural tube defects and Prune Belly Syndrome, two rare but highly relevant conditions that alter the structure of the urinary and genital system, are discussed in detail. In addition, the diagnosis and treatment of genital anomalies are addressed. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for a wide audience including urologists, pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, and medical students.