Empower students to become sophisticated thinkers with THINKING CRITICALLY, 12th Edition, which teaches the fundamental cognitive process that allows students to develop higher-order thinking abilities needed for academic and career success. Students learn to think critically about subjects drawn from academic disciplines, current issues, and life experiences. Author John Chaffee begins with basic skills related to personal experience and then progresses to the more sophisticated reasoning skills required for abstract contexts. Each chapter provides an overview of an aspect of critical thinking, such as problem-solving, perception, and the nature of beliefs. Activities and writing assignments invite active participation and prompt students to critically examine others thinking, as well as their own. Readings engage students in thinking about complex issues from various perspectives.