This book offers a fresh perspective on the study and teaching of the Theory of Computation. The authors selection of topics and the comprehensive set of questions demonstrate extensive knowledge and years of experience in both teaching and research. It addresses practical aspects of computing models that are often overlooked. The books emphasis on pedagogy, through carefully crafted exercises and clear elucidation of learning outcomes and chapter summaries, is a refreshing approach to the subject. With the right platform, this book has the potential to be adopted as a textbook in universities worldwide. The book covers new developments not typically addressed in other texts on the subject, such as algebraic theory, new applications of finite automata and regular languages, and topics from compiler theory that are closely related. It also explores several new relationships among models, with a natural progression of chapters. Key strengths of this book include its coverage of contemporary and relevant topics, practical applications of theoretical concepts, an extended Chomsky Hierarchy, and discussions on decidability, undecidability, and unsolvability. The book is tailored for its intended audience, with selected chapters suitable for undergraduate B.Tech./B.E. computer science students. Additionally, Chapters 9–14 can be used for a course on "Advanced Topics in Theory of Computer Science" at the Masters level (M.E./M.Tech.). It also serves as a foundational resource for those engaged in research in computer science.