This book gives a short presentation of the triad philosophy–physics–technology against the background of the common origin in ancient times. This is the first English edition of this book, previously published in German. The emergence of the book has been described in the foreword of the first German edition. This edition is updated and extended, whereby new physical research results and technological innovations were included:  -        The physics of space and time after the experimental detection of gravitational waves (Nobel Prize for Physics 2017). -        The New International System of Units (SI) for Physics and Technology which is completely based on natural constants and entered into force on World Metrology Day, 20 May 2019. -        Actual overview of basic technologies: Material, Energy, Information. -        Technologies for the “Digital World� of information and communication. -        Mechatronic and Cyber-physical systems for Industry 4.0. The significance of technology for the world in the 21st century is discussed in the final section of the book.