This Textbook is an assemblage of comprehensive information complied by distinguished plant genetic resources (PGR) experts covering current research and updated syllabus of ICAR and UGC for masters and PhD courses in Plant Genetic Resources. The book provides complete information on recent technological advances in PGR science including management of genetic resources, conservation, tissue culture, cryopreservation, quarantine and bio-security-related topics. It has 17 chapters and covers the syllabus in depth with special focuses on crop wild relatives, crop genomics, policies issues, and also highlights the research priorities and importance of field translation. It catalogues both conventional as well as modern tools and provides innovative strategies for sustainable PGR conservation and utilization in climate change scenarios to meet the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). It also brings together up-to-date information on various legislations of global policies like the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA), Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS), and NAGOYA protocol. This textbook is an all-inclusive collection of information, which is beneficial for postgraduate, and PhD students. In addition, it is also a reference material for agriculturists, plant breeders, seed technologists, plant pathologists, biotechnologists, biochemists, pharmacologists, agronomists, botanists, entomologists, social scientists, policy analysts and any other persons interested in getting information about plant genetic resources.