This book focuses on the disruption of the tertiary higher education system as a result of societal changes occasioned by the Fourth Industrial Revolution and hastened by COVID-19. It takes the view that higher education is on an inevitable trajectory of disruption as a result of globalisation, technological disruption, and disaggregation of the formal education sector but that it must not lose sight of its central role in equipping current and future students for the new economy. The book takes a student-centric - and big-picture approach - examining some of the biggest challenges facing massified higher education systems. The authors consider ways to achieve modern, responsive and efficient higher education systems globally that are economically sound for governments and affordable for individuals.