This book identifies “development-oriented poverty reduction� as a crucial part of what is now often billed as China unique development path, experience and model. China success serves as an example for any society aiming to eradicate poverty. However, there is still a tough road ahead as the country enters a new phase of the war on poverty. In addition to a systematic overview of the country development-oriented poverty reduction experiences over recent decades, the book also offers an outlook for poverty reduction in the coming years, including challenges the country will face as it enters the final stretch in the race to achieve moderate prosperity for all. It also discusses policy options for meeting the government poverty-reduction targets by 2020 within the precision-targeting strategy framework.