This book highlights the vivid application of remote sensing and related advanced technologies to study the diverse landscape, natural resources, infrastructure, and environment in the north eastern Himalayan ecosystem in general and the north eastern region of India in particular. It explores how observation of the earth using satellites and drones along with GNSS and GIS aid in mapping and monitoring of vegetations and agriculture, urban and rural planning, water resource management, governance delivery, etc. with a focus on addressing the challenges faced in mountainous regions. It highlights the strengths of remote sensing technologies in understanding climate change drivers and its impacts, supporting disaster risk reduction initiatives, land use dynamics, and biodiversity conservation efforts in this ecologically sensitive region. The book covers the essential theoretical insights of using different remote sensing data in hilly regions with practical applications and case studies suitably chosen for students, researchers, policymakers, and conservationist striving for sustainable development and management of the north eastern Himalayan ecosystem.