Regenerative medicine aims to cure chronic intractable diseases by replacing malfunctioning cells and tissues with healthy ones and enhancing their repair and regeneration. Over the past decade, there has been exponential reporting of new technologies that advanced translational and clinical research in this field. Regenerative medicine applications have thus evolved to include tissue engineering and bioprinting in addition to cell therapy and gene therapy. Importantly, new technologies in regenerative medicine are increasingly moving to replace organ and tissue transplantation with cellular therapies and the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs). The latter are characterized as important vectors and therapeutic targets in many diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation. The book chapters cover new technologies and advances in regenerative medicine to treat chronic diseases, including cancer, diabetes, musculoskeletal diseases, dental diseases, and others.