This book features selected proceedings from the International Conference on Recent Trends in Materials and Devices (ICRTMD 2023). It explores a wide range of topics related to the synthesis, mechanisms, and applications of advanced materials, including nanomaterials, nanofilms, functional materials, nanocomposites, polymers, plastics, carbon-based materials, green materials, semiconductor materials, smart hybrid materials, and more. The volume also highlights various real-world applications such as water treatment through adsorption and photocatalysis, fuel cells, energy storage, hydrogen generation, carbon dioxide reduction, coatings, sensors, and medical technologies. This book serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and professionals working in the field of materials science and engineering.