This book reviews the latest developments in the field of plant-based biomanufacturing, namely the utilization of plant factories to obtain valuable active ingredients for the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Biotechnological processes for the production of these natural active substances are increasingly becoming the focus of research as plants hold enormous potential for a bio-based economy. Chapters written by leading experts in the field present various examples of the biological activity of plant molecules and the use of plants and plant in vitro cultures in modern biotechnological processes. The book discusses innovative approaches, including possibilities for targeted modification of plant metabolic pathways, co-cultivation of plants and cyanobacteria, and the extraction of secondary plant compounds from residues of medicinal and aromatic plants. Special aspects of bioprocess technology, safety and ethical issues including global tasks and future challenges are also highlighted. In this book, readers will find an authoritative perspective on the significance of plant factories as alternative bioproduction resources, offering sustainable solutions for bio-based economies. By addressing future challenges in plant-based biomanufacturing, this book is also an indispensable guide for staying ahead of industry trends. This book not only serves as a valuable resource for researchers in academia and industry but also provides important information to newcomers entering the field of plant-based biomanufacturing.