This book explores the role of nanofertilizers in sustainable and efficient agricultural practices of the 21st century. It covers the various aspects of nanofertilizers, spanning their production, characterization, and performance. It also elucidates their mechanism of nutrient release, interaction with soil microorganisms and uptake by plants. It discusses the feasibility of large-scale production, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory considerations surrounding nanofertilizers. By presenting real-world case studies and success stories, it offers valuable insights for farmers and agricultural stakeholders looking to adopt this innovative technology. This book serves as a valuable educational resource for researchers working in agricultural science, environmental science, and related fields. It is also important for scientists, agronomists, and policymakers seeking to harness the transformative power of nanofertilizers.