Nanoscience has explored new modelling and new devices in the applied sciences and technologies, in health and life sciences. This includes work on structures, nano-machines, communications, environment and materials science, closing the gap for society toward a sustainable civilization. Feynmans Plenty of Room (1959) opened a new perspective/science in society debate: how can we handle the applications––and––implications of nanoscience? What is the human factor in the 21st century?  This volume offers both the state-of-the-art in the field and the corresponding research with discussion of exciting developments in nanoscience technologies, including historical, educational and societal aspects. For the first time, in a unique volume, it brings together cutting-edge chapters in a multi-disciplinary and historical context. It describes the ways it differently accounted for variation in unlike countries and consequently how its results remain, still nowadays, a debated question, as well as due to constraints preventing an extensive exploration of its remarkable historiography. It is written by leading authoritative scholars working in the various respective fields. This book is ideal for scientists, historians, and scholars interested in nanoscience and its historical-societal ramifications.