Joachim Jan Thraen uses insights from history to provide a fresh perspective on China potential transition towards a global innovation leader. He applies historical evidence from countries like the United States, Germany, and Japan in the 19th and 20th century and builds on results from four case studies to reveal key strategies that firms can utilize to leverage China as a global hub of innovation. China large market, strong manufacturing networks, increasing R&D capabilities, and a government strongly supporting innovation provide unique opportunities for new forms of innovation driven by efficiency, rapid commercialization, and large volumes. Managers that understand China innovation trajectory and adjust innovation strategies accordingly will achieve greater success in mastering innovation in China as a foundation for global competitiveness.