The book is a comprehensive exploration of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), addressing key aspects from its definition and historical relevance to its practical applications and environmental considerations.  Throughout its sections, the reader will gain an understanding of the fundamental principles of HTC, including the chemical reactions involved and the catalysts used. In addition, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the various types of waste that can be utilized in the process, from organic sources to industrial and municipal solid wastes. Highlighting the importance in various industries and research areas, case studies illustrating successful applications are presented. A practical perspective is also provided, including exercises for students, exploring laboratory techniques and experiments related to hydrocarbonization.  In addition, its focus on research and innovation, addressing current trends and emerging technologies, positions this book as a valuable source for students, researchers, and professionals interested in exploring and developing this field with an emphasis on its potential impact on energy, the environment, and sustainability. The conclusion provides a concise summary of key concepts, a discussion of the future of hydrocarbonization, and an encouragement for students to venture into research in this promising field.