This book focuses on municipal and industrial water and wastewater treatment technologies. The chapters provide detailed information about wastewaters occurrence, source, characteristics, toxicity, and conventional and advanced treatment process. In addition, the book presents chapters relating to different monitoring methods adopted for water quality assessment in different water bodies.  This book aims to boost the knowledge of students, researchers, scientists, professors, engineers and professionals who aspire to work in the field of environmental science, environmental biotechnology, environmental microbiology, civil/environmental engineering, eco-toxicology and other relevant areas of industrial waste management for the safety of the environment. The readers of the book will obtain valuable information related to various environmental problems and their solutions.