This series of books collects a diverse array of work that provides the reader with theoretical and applied information on data analysis methods, models and techniques, along with appropriate applications. Volume 2 begins with an introductory chapter by Gilbert Saporta, a leading expert in the field, who summarizes the developments in data analysis over the last 50 years. The book is then divided into four parts: Part 1 examines (in)dependence relationships, innovation in the Nordic countries, dentistry journals, dependence among growth rates of GDP of V4 countries, emissions mitigation, and five-star ratings; Part 2 investigates access to credit for SMEs, gender-based impacts given Southern Europe economic crisis, and labor market transition probabilities; Part 3 looks at recruitment at university job-placement offices and the Program for International Student Assessment; and Part 4 examines discriminants, PageRank, and the political spectrum of Germany.