Challenges in Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials, Thermomechanics and Infrared Imaging,  Time Dependent Materials and Residual Stress, Volume 2 of the Proceedings of the 2023 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the second volume of five from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering.  The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Experimental Mechanics, including papers in the following general technical research areas:  Advanced Thermographic Techniques for SHM AM Composites and Polymers Experimental Techniques in Biomechanics and Mechanobiology Inverse Methodologies and Uncertainties in the Identification of Residual Stresses, Residual Stress IV Low Cost Thermographic Applications Multiscale Mechanics of Biological Materials NDE and Process Monitoring Residual Stress Thermomechanics Time Dependence in Porous and Soft Materials