This book offers a comprehensive exploration of modern thoracic surgery, focusing on both open and videothoracoscopic (VATS) procedures. It sheds light on lesser-known, minimally invasive techniques that are crucial for contemporary thoracic surgeons, particularly those performed through the transcervical approach. Readers will gain insights into procedures such as Transcervical Extended Mediastinal Lymphadenectomy (TEMLA), transcervical pulmonary lobectomies, and the closure of bronchial stump fistulas. Key concepts include the subxiphoid approach for pulmonary and mediastinal tumor resections, as well as rarely used techniques in esophageal and tracheal surgery. The book also covers complex operations for thoracic sarcomas and surgical treatments for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS). With detailed descriptions and original illustrations, the authors provide a valuable resource for understanding these advanced surgical techniques. This volume is an essential read for thoracic surgeons, surgical residents, and medical professionals interested in expanding their knowledge of innovative surgical methods. It serves as a vital reference for those seeking to enhance their expertise in minimally invasive thoracic surgery and improve patient outcomes.