This book summarizes the historical changes of Chinas canals, sorting out the use of waterways from ancient times to the Ming and Qing dynasties, the evolution of the water transport network and its relationship with politics and economy, and revealing the interaction between geographical environment and human activities. This book breaks through the traditional historical geography research framework, and through the examination of cases such as the early canal engineering of the Chu State and the water transport function of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it introduces a theoretical system of how transportation progress favors a process of geographical changes, laying the foundation for the study of canal water conservancy history. This book is included in the academic communication project in China after the announcement of China?s Grand Canal to be selected onto the UNESCO World Heritage sites.